Molecular Interaction Activities of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride with Aqueous System by using Physicochemical Properties at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K

Abstract

The solubilizing tendency of the phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHC) with water was supported by the intermolecular interaction (IMI). The effect of PHC concentration with water molecules on the interaction by using physicochemical properties (PCP) was investigated at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K. The PCP such as density (?, g cm-3), Apparent Molar Volume (V?,cm3·mol?1), viscosity (?, mPa.s), and surface tension (?,mNm-1) of PHC in aqueous solution have been determined at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K. The PCP determine the state of intermolecular forces (IMF) between PHC and water (W). The concentration of PHC ranged from 0.02- 0.10 millimolar (mM) as a binary system in water. This study shows molecular interaction mechanism moderated through PCPs to assess state of IMF produced on PHC-Water interaction at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K which revealed that structural potential of PHC with water responsible for develop interaction. The PCP data confirms structural behavior of PHC with water for intermolecular interaction and increases with increasing concentration of PHC. The temperature dependent solubility determined at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K which indicates that on increasing temperature the significant change found in PCP. This is due to structure breaking effects of PHC with water furnished disruption of hydrogen bond (HB) in water and electrostatic interactions (EI).

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

Recently, the solubility and interacting potential of drug molecules in aqueous system required to established various applications in the field of biomedical sciences [1].The solubility of a drug molecule basically depends on the structure of drug and nature of solvent besides on temperature and pressure [2-6]. The state of solubility of a drug in a definite solvent have been determined through saturation point of drug concentration in a solution [7]. The aqueous solubility of drug molecules plays an important role for maximum administration, distribution, high potency, least sterility limitations, and flexibility in the efficiency of formulation in dosage forms for achieving required pharmacological response [8-11]. The drug solubility creates a major challenge for the design of oral dosage-based formulations inferred their poor bioavailability [12-15]. The oral bioavailability of drugs depends on several features such as structural activities, water solubility, drug-protein binding, drug efficacy, absorptivity, dissolution proportion, systematic metabolism and sustainable drug delivery [16-19].

The PHC is an official drug pharmacopoeia and commonly used in biopharmaceutical formulations for treatmentof common nasal decongestant in cold and flu to control unwanted indications and to relieve sinus congestion because of a-adrenergic activity [20-22]. In the molecular structure of PHC having functional moieties like one aromatic ring, one -OH which attached to ring, CH(OH)-CH2-NH-CH3 side chain and HCl (Fig.1). These functional moieties are responsible to enhanced bioavailability and interacting activities of PHC.This study focused on the role of structural features of PHC to develop interaction with water optimized through intermolecular interaction by generating Intermolecular Forces (IMF) at different concentration and temperature of the PHC-Water solution (T=298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 310.15 and 313.15).

Apparently, the interaction of PHCdetermined by using PCPs such as Density, Apparent Molar Volume, Viscosity, and Surface tension in aqueous solution have been determined at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K.

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS

A. Materials

Phenylephrine Hydrochloride (Sigma Alrich), Acetone (Renkem), and distilled water were used as received.

B. Methods

1. Physicochemical Properties Characterization 

The drug-water solutions with different concentrations of PHC varied from 0.02-0.10 milli molar (mM) distinctly dissolved in distilled water and stirred for 15 minutes to get homogeneous solution with help of magnetic stirrer.Further PCPs were measured at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K temperatures to identify the interacting potential of PHC with water molecules and their stability as increasing temperature.

The PCPs such as density, apparent molar volume, viscosity, and which denotes the IMI potential of PHC with water at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K. The Anton Paar Density Meter (DSA 5000 M) was used to measure Densities and 3 mL sample was occupied in DSA Quartz U tube for separately measurement. To determine viscosity and surface tension, viscous flow times (VFT) and pendent drop numbers (PDN) respectively were measured with Borosil Mansingh Survismeter (BMS). For each measurement, temperature was controlled through Auto temperature-controlled LAUDA ALPHA RA 8 thermostat.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. Physicochemical Study

The PCPs shows the state of IMI in drug-solvent solutions to identify molecular interaction which is depend on the structural reorientations of PHC with water and further molecular motion sand reorientations generates during interactions. Also, the illustrative IMF which are develops because of intermolecular hydrogen bond, hydrophilic and ionic interactions. The determined PCPs of water, and PHC-W solutions were shown in tables 1 and2.These PCPs specifies molecular combinations in side interacting functional moieties as functions of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions.

Conclusion

The physicochemical properties of PHC-Water were studied at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K. The remarkable variations in PCPs such as densities, apparent molar volume, viscosities and surface tensionwere in context the response of molecular structures of PHC increases the interaction activities with water. The growth of interaction exhibited the effects of dynamic functionality on increasing concentration of PHC in comparison with water medium confirmed HB operative and state of IMF for interaction activities. The IMI of PHCwith water at 313.15 K PCPs are higher as compared to 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K have showed the important role of temperature and structural properties could be caused the FF and CF with strong IMF responsible for the IMI for stability of PHC with water over different temperature. The thermal activities has accountable for state of molecular reorientations in PHC-water which resulted in higher PCPs of PHC in water. The structural activities of PHC with water to improved and developed interactive Drug-Water formulations significant to enhance bioavailability of PHC for metabolic actions.

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Copyright

Copyright © 2023 J. M. Weldode, S. G. Shankarwar, A. G. Shankarwar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.